Java不同类型密钥库之PKCS12和JCEKS万芳
Java不同类型密钥库之PKCS12和JCEKS-CSDN.NET
摘要：密钥库是一个存放加密密钥和证书的存储设施，它们经常用于SSL通信来标明服务器和客户机的身份，本文所列的为Java密钥库中的PKCS12和JCEKS类型。介绍了其存储和加载密钥、证书所使用的代码片段。
编者注：密钥库是一个存放加密密钥和证书的存储设施，它们经常用于SSL通信来标明服务器和客户机的身份，一个密钥库可以是一份文件或硬件设备。Java中不同类型的密钥库包含：PrivateKey、SecretKey、JKS、PKCS12、JCEKS等。其中JKS的详细介绍可参考《Java不同密钥库类型之JKS》。本文所讲诉的为PKCS12和JCEKS的用法。以下为译文：JCEKSJCEKS是Java平台的一个密钥库格式，将密钥存储在密钥库中以防止加密密钥的暴露。在JCEKS中存储和装载不同条目的过程类似于JKS，只需在调用KeyStore.getInstance()时更改相应的JCEKS密钥库类型。存储密钥密钥可以通过一下代码存储到JCEKS中：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JCEKS");
keyStore.load(null, null);
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
keyGen.init(56);;
Key key = keyGen.generateKey();
keyStore.setKeyEntry("secret", key, "password".toCharArray(), null);
keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("output.jceks"), "password".toCharArray());
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}加载密钥代码如下：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JCEKS");
keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.jceks"), "password".toCharArray());
Key key = keyStore.getKey("secret", "password".toCharArray());
System.out.println(key.toString());
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}输出代码：javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec@fffe7b9bPKCS12PKCS12是公钥加密标准，它规定了可包含所有私钥、公钥和证书。其以二进制格式存储，也称为 PFX 文件，在windows中可以直接导入到密钥区。注意，PKCS12的密钥库保护密码同时也用于保护Key。创建PKCS12密钥库在把一个条目存入PKCS12之前必须先加载密钥库，这意味着我们必须首先创建一个密钥库。简单创建一个PKCS12密钥库的方式如下：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(null, null);
keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
} catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}需要注意的是，在调用keyStore.load(null, null)时，两个null是作为输入密钥流和密码传递的。这是因为我们没有可用的密钥库。运行这段代码后，当前工作目录中应该会输出一个名为output.p12的文件。存储密钥代码如下：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(null, null);
KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
keyGen.init(128);
Key key = keyGen.generateKey();
keyStore.setKeyEntry("secret", key, "password".toCharArray(), null);
keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
} catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}存储私钥密钥库包含可用于网络上的SSL通信的私钥和证书：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
// keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.p12"),"password".toCharArray());
keyStore.load(null, null);;
CertAndKeyGen gen = new CertAndKeyGen("RSA","SHA1WithRSA");
gen.generate(1024);
Key key=gen.getPrivateKey();
X509Certificate cert=gen.getSelfCertificate(new X500Name("CN=ROOT"), (long)365*24*3600);
X509Certificate[] chain = new X509Certificate[1];
chain[0]=cert;
keyStore.setKeyEntry("private", key, "password".toCharArray(), chain);
keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}别忘了调用keyStore.store()来保存密钥，否则条目在程序退出时会丢失。存储证书存储证书可以调用KeyStore.setCertificateEntry()：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
// keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.p12"),"password".toCharArray());
keyStore.load(null, null);;
CertAndKeyGen gen = new CertAndKeyGen("RSA","SHA1WithRSA");
gen.generate(1024);
X509Certificate cert=gen.getSelfCertificate(new X500Name("CN=ROOT"), (long)365*24*3600);
keyStore.setCertificateEntry("cert", cert);
keyStore.store(new FileOutputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}存储的证书可以通过调用提供别名的KeyStore.getCertificate() 来提取，例如：Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("cert");加载私钥try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
Key pvtKey = keyStore.getKey("private", "password".toCharArray());
System.out.println(pvtKey.toString());
} catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}代码输出：sun.security.rsa.RSAPrivateCrtKeyImpl@ffff2466加载证书链如果一个证书链存在密钥库中，我们可以通过调用KeyStore.getCertificateChain()来加载：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
Key pvtKey = keyStore.getKey("private", "password".toCharArray());
System.out.println(pvtKey.toString());
java.security.cert.Certificate[] chain = keyStore.getCertificateChain("private");
for(java.security.cert.Certificate cert:chain){
System.out.println(cert.toString());
} catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}输出：[
Version: V3
Subject: CN=ROOT
Signature Algorithm: SHA1withRSA, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5
Key: Sun RSA public key, 1024 bits
modulus: 107262652552256813768678166856978781385254195794582600239703451044252881438814396239031781495369251659734172714120481593881055888193254336293673302267462500060447786562885955334870856482264000504019061160524587434562257067298291769329550807938162702640388267016365640782567817416484577163775446236245223552189
public exponent: 65537
Validity: [From: Mon Jan 05 13:03:29 SGT 2015,
To: Tue Jan 05 13:03:29 SGT 2016]
Issuer: CN=ROOT
SerialNumber: [ 5e5ca8a4]
Algorithm: [SHA1withRSA]
Signature:
0000: 22 21 BF 73 A6 6D 12 9B F7 49 6C 0E B3 50 6A 9D "!.s.m...Il..Pj.
0010: FA 30 43 22 32 FF 54 95 80 2E B3 8B 6F 59 D4 B5 .0C"2.T.....oY..
0020: 6C A6 AE 89 B7 18 9A A8 35 7D 65 37 BF ED A3 F4 l.......5.e7....
0030: E7 DB 5D 5F 9B DA 4B FA 39 04 9B 4D DB C2 3E FA ..]_..K.9..M.. .
0040: 3B C2 63 F8 1E BE 03 F3 BD 1C D4 8A 8E 3C 51 68 ;.c..........注：如何在Java中创建证书链？可参考：点此进入加载证书加载证书可以通过调用KeyStore.getCertificate()来实现：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
java.security.cert.Certificate cert = keyStore.getCertificate("private");
System.out.println(cert);
} catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}输出：[
Version: V3
Subject: CN=ROOT
Signature Algorithm: SHA1withRSA, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5
Key: Sun RSA public key, 1024 bits
modulus: 107262652552256813768678166856978781385254195794582600239703451044252881438814396239031781495369251659734172714120481593881055888193254336293673302267462500060447786562885955334870856482264000504019061160524587434562257067298291769329550807938162702640388267016365640782567817416484577163775446236245223552189
public exponent: 65537
Validity: [From: Mon Jan 05 13:03:29 SGT 2015,
To: Tue Jan 05 13:03:29 SGT 2016]
Issuer: CN=ROOT
SerialNumber: [ 5e5ca8a4]
Algorithm: [SHA1withRSA]
Signature:
0000: 22 21 BF 73 A6 6D 12 9B F7 49 6C 0E B3 50 6A 9D "!.s.m...Il..Pj.
0010: FA 30 43 22 32 FF 54 95 80 2E B3 8B 6F 59 D4 B5 .0C"2.T.....oY..
0020: 6C A6 AE 89 B7 18 9A A8 35 7D 65 37 BF ED A3 F4 l.......5.e7....
0030: E7 DB 5D 5F 9B DA 4B FA 39 04 9B 4D DB C2 3E FA ..]_..K.9..M.. .
0040: 3B C2 63 F8 1E BE 03 F3 BD 1C D4 8A 8E 3C 51 68 ;.c..........导入导出密钥和证书PKCS12密钥库可以用于导入导出密钥和证书，下面的代码演示了从PKCS12导出一个私钥并导入到JKS密钥库中：try{
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
keyStore.load(new FileInputStream("output.p12"), "password".toCharArray());
Key pvtKey = keyStore.getKey("private", "password".toCharArray());
java.security.cert.Certificate[] chain = keyStore.getCertificateChain("private");
KeyStore jksStore = KeyStore.getInstance("JKS");
jksStore.load(null, null);;
jksStore.setKeyEntry("jksPrivate", pvtKey, "newpassword".toCharArray(), chain);
jksStore.store(new FileOutputStream("output.jks"), "password".toCharArray());
} catch (Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
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